The selection of a new Pope is one of the most fascinating religious ceremonies in the world.

Rooted in centuries of tradition, it is also a moment of global attention, secrecy, and spiritual reflection. Here’s a deep dive into how a new Pope is chosen.

1. The Papal Vacancy 

When the Pope dies or resigns, the position becomes “Sede Vacante” meaning “the seat is vacant.”

The papal ring is destroyed to symbolize the end of his authority.

2. Gathering of the Cardinals

Cardinals from around the world gather in Vatican City. Only cardinals under the age of 80 are eligible to vote in the election.

3. The Conclave Begins

The conclave takes place in the Sistine Chapel. “Conclave” comes from Latin cum clave, meaning “with a key,” symbolizing that cardinals are locked in until a new pope is chosen. They swear an oath of secrecy.

4. Voting Process

Each cardinal writes their choice on a paper ballot. To be elected, a candidate must receive a two-thirds majority vote. Voting happens up to four times a day.

5. Smoke Signals: Black or White?

After each vote, ballots are burned. If no pope is chosen, black smoke appears from the chimney. White smoke signals a successful election  “Habemus Papam” (“We have a Pope”).

6. Announcement and Introduction

The newly elected Pope chooses a name and dons the papal garments. He is then introduced to the world from the balcony of St. Peter’s Basilica.